The Statewide Science Assessment measures student achievement of the Next Generation Sunshine State Standards in science. Students in grades 5 and 8 participate in the statewide science assessment. Achievement Levels for Science were established in 2012 through a standard-setting process.
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To learn more about the content of the statewide science assessment, individuals may review the Next Generation Sunshine State Standards and the Test Item Specifications. The Standards specify the expectations for student learning in Florida, and the Test Item Specifications describe how the test questions (or items) on the assessments will measure student achievement of these Standards.
With comprehensive and easy-to-use resources, Math in Focus provides everything teachers need to support students in developing foundational understanding. A consistent, clear teaching path fosters a focus on new content and encourages mathematical thinking.
Pew Research Center has deep roots in U.S. public opinion research. Launched as a project focused primarily on U.S. policy and politics in the early 1990s, the Center has grown over time to study a wide range of topics vital to explaining America to itself and to the world.
Central to the design of the curriculum is the philosophy that the middle school science student should be engaged in laboratory work during at least fifty percent of class time. This time frame includes pre-laboratory preparation and post-laboratory analysis. Laboratory work is the vehicle by which students come to understand life science concepts, learn and apply the skills of inquiry, and acquire an enthusiasm for learning science. While important in developing student understanding, demonstrations, audiovisual presentations, reinforcement and practice activities, and supplemental reading cannot be considered a substitute for laboratory experiences. These kinds of activities should not be counted within the science laboratory time.
Computer/Technology standards to be achieved by the end of Grade 8 have been developed in the Virginia Standards of Learning and are the shared responsibility of teachers of all disciplines. Middle science school students are expected to become adept at using the compound microscope, triple beam balance, computer, printer, digital camera, probeware, LabQuest, and other forms of hardware.
In addition, students should become competent using software designed for the following applications: word processing, graphing, manipulating databases, simulations, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), telecommunications, and multimedia presentations. The most common configuration is a networked science classroom consisting of 15 student stations and one teacher presentation station. All middle school science students use technology during each unit throughout the year.
Examples of constructed response include asking students to graph experimental data and describe the pattern or trend that is evident, create a concept map or web of a science topic, or make a labeled diagram to illustrate and explain the role of green plants in the process of photosynthesis, asking students to "show and explain their work" on a density calculation problem, or make a labeled diagram to illustrate and explain the three ways thermal energy is transferred.
Examples of a performance task include having students write a newspaper editorial defending a position on curtailing harvesting of the Chesapeake Bay blue crab; design an experiment to determine the limiting factors on the germination of a particular kind of seed; create a trade book on using the microscope to compare a plant and a animal cell for a fifth grade student; create a multimedia presentation for Earth Day on the interdependence with the biosphere, write a newspaper editorial defending a position on the use of nuclear energy for generating electricity; design an experiment to determine the effect of different kinds of insulating materials on thermal energy loss; create a trade book on "atoms and elements" for sixth grade students; conduct an experiment to identify an unknown substance based on its properties; create a multimedia presentation for National Science and Technology Week on the interdependence of science, technology, and society in some aspect of the nanotechnology program.
Science Safety Agreements are available below. The purpose of the Safety Agreement is to provide information for students and their guardians about safety in the science laboratory. Students and their guardians should read and sign the agreement prior to participating in science laboratory activities and return the signed copy to the school.
62. Why should this document, addressed to all people of good will, include a chapter dealing with the convictions of believers? I am well aware that in the areas of politics and philosophy there are those who firmly reject the idea of a Creator, or consider it irrelevant, and consequently dismiss as irrational the rich contribution which religions can make towards an integral ecology and the full development of humanity. Others view religions simply as a subculture to be tolerated. Nonetheless, science and religion, with their distinctive approaches to understanding reality, can enter into an intense dialogue fruitful for both.
101. It would hardly be helpful to describe symptoms without acknowledging the human origins of the ecological crisis. A certain way of understanding human life and activity has gone awry, to the serious detriment of the world around us. Should we not pause and consider this? At this stage, I propose that we focus on the dominant technocratic paradigm and the place of human beings and of human action in the world.
The 80-20 rule is a principle that states 80% of all outcomes are derived from 20% of causes. It's used to determine the factors (typically, in a business situation) that are most responsible for success and then focus on them to improve results. The rule can be applied to circumstances beyond the realm of business, too.
Computer science is the study of computation, automation, and information.[1][2][3] Computer science spans theoretical disciplines (such as algorithms, theory of computation, information theory, and automation) to practical disciplines (including the design and implementation of hardware and software).[4][5][6] Computer science is generally considered an academic discipline and distinct from computer programming.[7]
The fundamental concern of computer science is determining what can and cannot be automated.[2][9][3][10][11] The Turing Award is generally recognized as the highest distinction in computer science.[12][13]
The earliest foundations of what would become computer science predate the invention of the modern digital computer. Machines for calculating fixed numerical tasks such as the abacus have existed since antiquity, aiding in computations such as multiplication and division. Algorithms for performing computations have existed since antiquity, even before the development of sophisticated computing equipment.[17]
Although first proposed in 1956,[32] the term "computer science" appears in a 1959 article in Communications of the ACM,[33]in which Louis Fein argues for the creation of a Graduate School in Computer Sciences analogous to the creation of Harvard Business School in 1921.[34] Louis justifies the name by arguing that, like management science, the subject is applied and interdisciplinary in nature, while having the characteristics typical of an academic discipline.[33]His efforts, and those of others such as numerical analyst George Forsythe, were rewarded: universities went on to create such departments, starting with Purdue in 1962.[35] Despite its name, a significant amount of computer science does not involve the study of computers themselves. Because of this, several alternative names have been proposed.[36] Certain departments of major universities prefer the term computing science, to emphasize precisely that difference. Danish scientist Peter Naur suggested the term datalogy,[37] to reflect the fact that the scientific discipline revolves around data and data treatment, while not necessarily involving computers. The first scientific institution to use the term was the Department of Datalogy at the University of Copenhagen, founded in 1969, with Peter Naur being the first professor in datalogy. The term is used mainly in the Scandinavian countries. An alternative term, also proposed by Naur, is data science; this is now used for a multi-disciplinary field of data analysis, including statistics and databases.
Computer science is considered by some to have a much closer relationship with mathematics than many scientific disciplines, with some observers saying that computing is a mathematical science.[29] Early computer science was strongly influenced by the work of mathematicians such as Kurt Gödel, Alan Turing, John von Neumann, Rózsa Péter and Alonzo Church and there continues to be a useful interchange of ideas between the two fields in areas such as mathematical logic, category theory, domain theory, and algebra.[32]
The relationship between Computer Science and Software Engineering is a contentious issue, which is further muddied by disputes over what the term "Software Engineering" means, and how computer science is defined.[43] David Parnas, taking a cue from the relationship between other engineering and science disciplines, has claimed that the principal focus of computer science is studying the properties of computation in general, while the principal focus of software engineering is the design of specific computations to achieve practical goals, making the two separate but complementary disciplines.[44]
The academic, political, and funding aspects of computer science tend to depend on whether a department is formed with a mathematical emphasis or with an engineering emphasis. Computer science departments with a mathematics emphasis and with a numerical orientation consider alignment with computational science. Both types of departments tend to make efforts to bridge the field educationally if not across all research. 2ff7e9595c
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